学习态度的改变及分析

学习态度是教育的成果之一,在当今教育由精英教育向大众教育的转变过程中日显重要。该文对学习效果及学习态度的转变的一些因子进行比较和分析,发现学生群体中态度的改变并非正态分布,而是呈锯齿型倾斜分布,在群体中的变化中有趋同性的特征,在此基础上,提出了高校要加强态度教育。     

民营企业员工敬业度影响因素研究

当前,在国内企业中普遍存在员工敬业度低的现象。中国民营企业在现阶段的人力资源开发和人才培养体系创建上缺乏有效的机制。同时,员工敬业度和忠诚度对企业发展有着重要意义。民营企业作为国民经济和社会发展的主力军,为了适应市场中激烈的竞争,只有吸引、留住和用好人才,建立行之有效的人力资源管理体系,才是民营企业发展、生存的关键。论文综合了部分国内外的文献资料,阐述了员工敬业度的概念,指出了影响员工敬业度的因素,提出了解决民营企业员工敬业度问题的方法。     

Prediction of the Indian summer monsoon using a stacked autoencoder and ensemble regression model

The study of climatic variables that govern the Indian summer monsoon has been widely explored. In this work, we use a non-linear deep learning-based feature reduction scheme for the discovery of skilful predictors for monsoon rainfall with climatic variables from various regions of the globe. We use a stacked autoencoder network along with two advanced machine learning techniques to forecast the Indian summer monsoon. We show that the predictors such as the sea surface temperature and zonal wind can predict the Indian summer monsoon one month ahead, whereas the sea level pressure can predict ten months before the season. Further, we also show that the predictors derived from a combination of climatic variables can outperform the predictors derived from an individual variable. The stacked autoencoder model with combined predictors of sea surface temperature and sea level pressure can predict the monsoon (June-September) two months ahead with a 2.8% error. The accuracy of the identified predictors is found to be superior to the state-of-the-art predictions of the Indian monsoon.     

Stakeholder management in sustainable supply chains: A case study of the bioenergy industry

Engaging with stakeholders and managing their issues when striving for a sustainable supply chain (SC) is a significant challenge. Although most studies on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) consider stakeholder management necessary, little is known about related stakeholder management practices in SSCM. Thus, this paper seeks to enrich the theoretical debate on stakeholder management practices in SSCM through a case study approach to bioenergy SCs in Chile. Based on 28 interviews with SC actors and representatives from the surrounding stakeholder environment, the deductive–inductive analysis reveals that stakeholder management combines different practices to discuss stakeholder concerns, address them, and evaluate the process at the SC's external and internal levels. We propose structuring these practices based on two dimensions: “practices to address stakeholder requirements” and “practices whereby stakeholders are integrated.” The analysis' results indicate that although two-way communication with stakeholders can be seen as the core of stakeholder management, a certain willingness to learn and transform SC design is a prerequisite for true orientation toward stakeholder management in SSCM. Additionally, linkage development and local anchoring are practices used to obtain further legitimacy at the external level. Building on these findings, this study can guide practitioners in engaging with stakeholders and managing their issues across the SC.     

Experimental internet auctions with random information retrieval

We run an experiment where 97 subjects could retrieve records of completed past auctions before placing their bids in current one-bid, two-bid, and auction-selection games. Each subject was asked to participate in 3 current auctions; but could retrieve up to 60 records of completed (past) auctions. The results reveal a positive relation between the payoffs earned by the subjects and their history-inspection effort. Subjects act as if responding to the average bidding-ratios of the winners in the samples that they have retrieved. They apply intuitive signal-dependent stopping rules like “sample until observing a winner-value close to my won” or “find a close winner-value and try one more history” when sampling the databases. History-inspection directs bidders with relatively high private-valuations to moderate bidding which increases their realized payoffs. (JEL C9 D4 D8) Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at . JEL Classification C93, D44, D83     

A video game to supplement a hybrid principles of microeconomics course

In this article, the author describes the structure and content of a video game that she developed for a hybrid principles of microeconomics course that consists of two 50-minute lectures and a 50-minute online portion per week. The game comprises seven modules, each of which was assigned to be played during the course of the semester for the online portion of the class. The concepts covered in the game include the circular flow model, demand and supply, externalities, comparative advantage, types of market structure, sunk costs, and game theory, and the article explains in detail how the gameplay was related to these concepts. The game can be downloaded for either Windows or Mac computers, or played online at https://sites.google.com/site/gamesforecon/.     

超越契约理论--演化论视角的企业理论研究

企业的契约理论围绕交易成本概念解释了企业的存在、边界和内部组织,但严重忽视了企业的技术和生产功能,演化经济学的企业理论通过研究企业内知识的产生、传播和利用过程,以及组织与个人的交互学习,不仅重新解释了企业的存在、边界和内部组织问题,还研究了契约理论未触及的企业异质性、竞争优势和企业家等问题.     

地理邻近在区域创新中的作用机理及其启示

由于隐性知识需要直接交流的特性与创新的背景依赖,邻近性在创新研究中越来越受到重视。文章从知识流动和集体学习的视角,探讨了地理邻近在区域创新中的作用机理。地理邻近是"距离产生美",太多或太少的地理邻近都不利于集体学习和区域创新,地理邻近与其它类型的邻近之间相互促进,并可以相互替代。最后给出了研究结论带来的启示。     

技术学习——企业技术能力演进的分析框架

企业技术能力的演进是一个技术学习过程,本文对技术能力和技术学习的基本内涵进行了分析和探讨,并提出了一个企业技术能力发展决定因素和机制的分析框架。我们认为,为获取技术能力发展所需要的知识和技能,技术学习需要整合三个维度的知识学习:个人学习与组织学习,内部知识学习与外部知识学习,以及显性知识与隐性知识的学习。因此,企业技术学习应该包含以下四个子过程:外部知识获取、内部知识获取、知识编码化以及知识社会化。由于这四个过程所获取的知识来源,性质不同,为完成这些子过程所需要的资源和机制也各不相同。通过对各个子学习过程决定因素和机制的分析识别,综合起来,我们为分析企业技术能力获取的决定因素和内部机制提供了一个基本理论框架。     

The convergence of least squares learning in stochastic temporary equilibrium models

Summary. This paper provides conditions for the almost sure convergence of the least squares learning rule in a stochastic temporary equilibrium model, where regressions are performed on the past values of the endogenous state variable. In contrast to earlier studies, (Evans and Honkapohja, 1998; Marcent and Sargent, 1989), which were local analyses, the dynamics are studied from a global viewpoint, which allows one to obtain an almost sure convergence result without employing projection facilities. Received: April 7, 2001; revised version: September 5, 2001